Peru
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
República del Perú
Republic of Peru
Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: Somos libres, seámoslo
siempre (Spanish)
"We are free, let's remain so forever"
Capital
(and largest city)
Lima
Official languages
Spanish, Quechua,
Aymara,...1
Government
Constitutional
republic
-
President
Alan García Pérez
- Prime
Minister
Jorge Del
Castillo
Independence
from Spain
-
Declared
28 July 1821
Area
-
Total
1,285,220
km² (20th)
496,222 sq mi
-
Water (%)
8.80
Population
-
July 2005 estimate
27,968,000
(41st)
-
2005 census
27,219,266
- Density
22/km² (183rd)
57/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2005
estimate
-
Total
$167.21
billion (50th)
- Per
capita
$6,125 (97th)
HDI (2004)
0.767 (medium) (82th)
Currency
Nuevo Sol
(PEN)
Time zone
(UTC-5)
Internet TLD
.pe
Calling code
+51
1 Quechua, Aymara and other regional languages are co-official in the
areas where they are predominant.
"Peru"
redirects here. For other uses, see Peru (disambiguation).
Peru (Spanish: Perú, Quechua: Piruw,
Aymara: Piruw) officially the Republic of
Peru (Spanish: República del Perú [re'pu.βli.ka
del pe'ɾu] , Quechua: Piruw Mama
Llaqta, Aymara: Piruw Suyu), is a
country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil
to the east, Bolivia to the south-east, Chile to the south, and the Pacific
Ocean to the west.
In addition to being known
as the cradle of the Inca empire, Peru is the home of many indigenous ethnic
groups, and it was the seat of the Viceroyalty of Peru, with jurisdiction over
all of Spanish South America.
History
Ancient Peru (-1824)
A pre-Inca
artwork.
Inca expansion (1438 – 1527 CE)
The more familiar cultures
appeared in 900 BC: Caral, Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca, Tiahuanaco, Wari
and Chimu. They were succeeded by powerful city-states, such as Chancay, Sipan,
and Cajamarca, and two empires: Chimor and Chachapoyas. Chimor, some of
Chachapoyas, and countless city-states were eventually conquered by the Inca.
The Incas (1438-1572)
created the most vast empire of pre-Columbian America. The empire originated
from a tribe based in Cuzco, which became the capital. It was divided into four
quarters: Chinchasuyo, Antisuyo, Contisuyo, and Collasuyo. The empire, being
quite large, also had an impressive transportation system of roads to all points
of the empire called the Inca Trail, and chasquis, message carriers who relayed
information from anywhere in the empire to Cuzco. It was also supported by an
economy based on the collective property of the land.
Quechua was the official
language, imposed on the citizens. Inti, the sun god, was to be worshipped as
one of the most important gods of the empire. His representation on earth was
the Inca ("Emperor"). Machu Picchu is a well-preserved pre-Columbian
Inca ruin.
Pizarro and
his followers in Lima, 1535.
Spanish explorer Francisco
Pizarro arrived in the country searching for Inca wealth, finding that the Inca
empire had recently been weakened by a debilitating civil war. Pizarro succeeded
in capturing and executing Inca Emperor Atahualpa during the Battle of
Cajamarca on November 16, 1532. The situation was complicated by a power
struggle between the Pizarro and Diego de Almagro families. The necessity of
consolidating Spanish royal authority over these territories, led to the
creation of a Real Audiencia (Royal Audience).
Francisco
de Toledo, the ninth Viceroy of Peru
The Viceroyalty of Peru
(1542-1824) became the richest and most powerful Spanish Viceroyalty of America
in the eighteenth century. The creation of the Viceroyalties of New Granada and
Rio de la Plata (at the expense of its territory), the duty exemptions that
moved the commercial center from Lima to Caracas and Buenos Aires, and the
decrease of the mining and textile production determined the progressive decay
of the Viceroyalty of Peru. These events created a favorable climate so that
emancipating ideas developed between the Spanish Criollo people, or Creoles.
San Martín
proclaimed the independence in 1821.
This Viceroyalty succumbed
after the decisive continental campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón
Bolívar (1810-1824). San Martin proclaimed Peruvian independence from Spain on July
28, 1821. Three years later, the Spanish dominion was eliminated definitively
after the battles of Junín and Ayacucho. Its first elected president, however,
wasn't in power until 1827.
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=history
|
República del Perú |
|||||
|
|||||
|
Anthem: Somos libres, seámoslo
siempre (Spanish) |
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
Capital |
|
||||
|
Official languages |
Spanish, Quechua,
Aymara,...1 |
||||
|
Government |
Constitutional
republic |
||||
|
-
President |
Alan García Pérez |
||||
|
- Prime
Minister |
Jorge Del
Castillo |
||||
|
Independence |
from Spain |
||||
|
-
Declared |
28 July 1821 |
||||
|
Area |
|||||
|
-
Total |
1,285,220
km² (20th) |
||||
|
-
Water (%) |
8.80 |
||||
|
Population |
|||||
|
-
July 2005 estimate |
27,968,000
(41st) |
||||
|
-
2005 census |
27,219,266 |
||||
|
- Density |
22/km² (183rd) |
||||
|
GDP (PPP) |
2005
estimate |
||||
|
-
Total |
$167.21
billion (50th) |
||||
|
- Per
capita |
$6,125 (97th) |
||||
|
HDI (2004) |
0.767 (medium) (82th) |
||||
|
Currency |
Nuevo Sol
( |
||||
|
Time zone |
(UTC-5) |
||||
|
Internet TLD |
.pe |
||||
|
Calling code |
+51 |
||||
|
1 Quechua, Aymara and other regional languages are co-official in the
areas where they are predominant. |
|||||
"Peru"
redirects here. For other uses, see Peru (disambiguation).
Peru (Spanish: Perú, Quechua: Piruw,
Aymara: Piruw) officially the Republic of
Peru (Spanish: República del Perú [re'pu.βli.ka
del pe'ɾu] , Quechua: Piruw Mama
Llaqta, Aymara: Piruw Suyu), is a
country in western South America, bordering Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil
to the east, Bolivia to the south-east, Chile to the south, and the Pacific
Ocean to the west.
In addition to being known
as the cradle of the Inca empire, Peru is the home of many indigenous ethnic
groups, and it was the seat of the Viceroyalty of Peru, with jurisdiction over
all of Spanish South America.
History
Ancient Peru (-1824)
A pre-Inca
artwork.
Inca expansion (1438 – 1527 CE)
The more familiar cultures
appeared in 900 BC: Caral, Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca, Tiahuanaco, Wari
and Chimu. They were succeeded by powerful city-states, such as Chancay, Sipan,
and Cajamarca, and two empires: Chimor and Chachapoyas. Chimor, some of
Chachapoyas, and countless city-states were eventually conquered by the Inca.
The Incas (1438-1572)
created the most vast empire of pre-Columbian America. The empire originated
from a tribe based in Cuzco, which became the capital. It was divided into four
quarters: Chinchasuyo, Antisuyo, Contisuyo, and Collasuyo. The empire, being
quite large, also had an impressive transportation system of roads to all points
of the empire called the Inca Trail, and chasquis, message carriers who relayed
information from anywhere in the empire to Cuzco. It was also supported by an
economy based on the collective property of the land.
Quechua was the official
language, imposed on the citizens. Inti, the sun god, was to be worshipped as
one of the most important gods of the empire. His representation on earth was
the Inca ("Emperor"). Machu Picchu is a well-preserved pre-Columbian
Inca ruin.
Pizarro and
his followers in Lima, 1535.
Spanish explorer Francisco
Pizarro arrived in the country searching for Inca wealth, finding that the Inca
empire had recently been weakened by a debilitating civil war. Pizarro succeeded
in capturing and executing Inca Emperor Atahualpa during the Battle of
Cajamarca on November 16, 1532. The situation was complicated by a power
struggle between the Pizarro and Diego de Almagro families. The necessity of
consolidating Spanish royal authority over these territories, led to the
creation of a Real Audiencia (Royal Audience).
Francisco
de Toledo, the ninth Viceroy of Peru
The Viceroyalty of Peru
(1542-1824) became the richest and most powerful Spanish Viceroyalty of America
in the eighteenth century. The creation of the Viceroyalties of New Granada and
Rio de la Plata (at the expense of its territory), the duty exemptions that
moved the commercial center from Lima to Caracas and Buenos Aires, and the
decrease of the mining and textile production determined the progressive decay
of the Viceroyalty of Peru. These events created a favorable climate so that
emancipating ideas developed between the Spanish Criollo people, or Creoles.
San Martín
proclaimed the independence in 1821.
This Viceroyalty succumbed
after the decisive continental campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón
Bolívar (1810-1824). San Martin proclaimed Peruvian independence from Spain on July
28, 1821. Three years later, the Spanish dominion was eliminated definitively
after the battles of Junín and Ayacucho. Its first elected president, however,
wasn't in power until 1827.
Ancient Peru (-1824)
A pre-Inca
artwork.
Inca expansion (1438 – 1527 CE)
The more familiar cultures
appeared in 900 BC: Caral, Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca, Tiahuanaco, Wari
and Chimu. They were succeeded by powerful city-states, such as Chancay, Sipan,
and Cajamarca, and two empires: Chimor and Chachapoyas. Chimor, some of
Chachapoyas, and countless city-states were eventually conquered by the Inca.
The Incas (1438-1572)
created the most vast empire of pre-Columbian America. The empire originated
from a tribe based in Cuzco, which became the capital. It was divided into four
quarters: Chinchasuyo, Antisuyo, Contisuyo, and Collasuyo. The empire, being
quite large, also had an impressive transportation system of roads to all points
of the empire called the Inca Trail, and chasquis, message carriers who relayed
information from anywhere in the empire to Cuzco. It was also supported by an
economy based on the collective property of the land.
Quechua was the official
language, imposed on the citizens. Inti, the sun god, was to be worshipped as
one of the most important gods of the empire. His representation on earth was
the Inca ("Emperor"). Machu Picchu is a well-preserved pre-Columbian
Inca ruin.
Pizarro and
his followers in Lima, 1535.
Spanish explorer Francisco
Pizarro arrived in the country searching for Inca wealth, finding that the Inca
empire had recently been weakened by a debilitating civil war. Pizarro succeeded
in capturing and executing Inca Emperor Atahualpa during the Battle of
Cajamarca on November 16, 1532. The situation was complicated by a power
struggle between the Pizarro and Diego de Almagro families. The necessity of
consolidating Spanish royal authority over these territories, led to the
creation of a Real Audiencia (Royal Audience).
Francisco
de Toledo, the ninth Viceroy of Peru
The Viceroyalty of Peru
(1542-1824) became the richest and most powerful Spanish Viceroyalty of America
in the eighteenth century. The creation of the Viceroyalties of New Granada and
Rio de la Plata (at the expense of its territory), the duty exemptions that
moved the commercial center from Lima to Caracas and Buenos Aires, and the
decrease of the mining and textile production determined the progressive decay
of the Viceroyalty of Peru. These events created a favorable climate so that
emancipating ideas developed between the Spanish Criollo people, or Creoles.
San Martín
proclaimed the independence in 1821.
This Viceroyalty succumbed
after the decisive continental campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón
Bolívar (1810-1824). San Martin proclaimed Peruvian independence from Spain on July
28, 1821. Three years later, the Spanish dominion was eliminated definitively
after the battles of Junín and Ayacucho. Its first elected president, however,
wasn't in power until 1827.
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peru&action=history