http://www.photonette.net/
Insectivora
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
Eulypotyphla Fossil range: Late Cretaceous - Recent |
||||||||
|
European Hedgehog |
||||||||
|
Scientific classification |
||||||||
|
||||||||
Families |
||||||||
|
Erinaceidae |
The order Insectivora
(from Latin insectum "insect" and vorare "to
eat") or Lipotyphla is a biological clade within the class of
mammals. In the past the clade was used as a scrapbasket for a variety of small
to very small, relatively unspecialised, insectivorous mammals. The taxonomy
has been refined in recent years, and treeshrews, elephant shrews, and colugos
have now been placed in separate orders. Molecular evidence also indicates that
golden moles and tenrecs should be separated as a new order Afrosoricida
comprising Chrysochloridae (golden moles) and Tenrecidae (tenrecs). The species
remaining in the clade Insectivora were then referred to as order Eulipotyphla.
After further scrutiny, other evidence now indicates that even Erinaceidae
(hedgehogs) should also be placed in a separate order from the remainder,
comprising the families Soricidae (shrews), Talpidae (moles), Solenodontidae
and Nesophontidae.[1] These two orders, Erinaceomorpha and
Soricomorpha, now replace Insectivora.
Traditionally, the golden
moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa were grouped
with the hedgehogs, shrews and moles in the Lipotyphla. However, there have
always been minority opinions suggesting that Tenrecomorpha, or at least the
golden moles, are not true Lipotyphlans.
- ORDER INSECTIVORA
- Family Erinaceidae
- Subfamily Erinaceinae: hedgehogs
- Subfamily Hylomyinae: moonrats and
gymnures
- Family Soricidae
- Subfamily Crocidurinae: white-toothed
shrews
- Subfamily Soricinae: red-toothed shrews
- Subfamily Myosoricinae: African
white-toothed shrews
- Family Talpidae
- Subfamily Desmaninae: desmans
- Subfamily Talpinae: moles
- Subfamily Uropsilinae: shrew moles
- Family Solenodontidae: solenodons
- Family Nesophontidae: extinct West Indian shrews
These families have been
placed within Insectivora in the past:
ˇ
Family
Chrysochloridae (golden moles)
ˇ
Family
Tenrecidae (tenrecs)
ˇ
Family
Macroscelididae (elephant shrews)
ˇ
Family
Tupaiidae (treeshrews)
ˇ
Family
Cynocephalidae (colugos)
Not to be confused with
insectivores (the eaters of insects considered as an ecological niche), not all
of which belong to the Order Insectivora.
White-toothed shrew
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
Crocidurinae[1] |
||||||||||||
|
Greater
White-toothed Shrew, (Crocidura russula) |
||||||||||||
Scientific classification |
||||||||||||
|
The White-toothed shrews
or Crocidurinae are one of three subfamilies of the shrew family
Soricidae.
Unlike the red-toothed
shrews, the outer layer of their teeth is white. These species are typically
found in Africa and southern Europe and Asia. This subfamily includes the
largest shrew, the Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus), at about 15 cm in
length, and the smallest, the Etruscan Shrew (Suncus etruscus), at about
3.5 cm in length and 2 grams in weight, possibly the world's smallest living
mammal (although some give this title to the Bumblebee Bat). Genus Crocidura,
contains the largest number of species of any mammal genus.
When young must be moved
before they are independent, mother and young form a chain or
"caravan" where each animal hangs on to the rear of the one in front.
This behaviour has also been observed in some species in genus Sorex.
The list of species is:
- Genus Crocidura (White-toothed
shrews)
- Cyrenaica Shrew (C. aleksandrisi)
- East African Highland Shrew (C. allex)
- Andaman Shrew (C. andamanensis)
- Ansell's Shrew (C. ansellorum)
- Arabian Shrew (C. arabica)
- Jackass Shrew (C. arispa)
- Armenian Shrew (C. armenica)
- Asian Gray Shrew (C. attenuata)
- Hun Shrew (C. attila)
- Bailey's Shrew (C. baileyi)
- Kinabalu Shrew (C. baluensis)
- Bates's Shrew (C. batesi)
- Mindanao Shrew (C. beatus)
- Beccari's Shrew (C. beccarii)
- Bottego's Shrew (C. bottegi)
- Bale Shrew (C. bottegoides)
- Thick-tailed Shrew (C. brunnea)
- Buettikofer's Shrew (C. buettikoferi)
- African Dusky Shrew (C. caliginea)
- Canarian Shrew (C. canariensis)
- Caspian Shrew (C. caspica)
- Cinderella Shrew (C. cinderella)
- Congo White-toothed Shrew (C.
congobelgica)
- Long-footed Shrew (C. crenata)
- Crosse's Shrew (C. crossei)
- Reddish-gray Musk Shrew (C. cyanea)
- Dent's Shrew (C. denti)
- Desperate Shrew (C. desperata)
- Dhofar Shrew (C. dhofarensis)
- Long-tailed Musk Shrew (C. dolichura)
- Doucet's Musk Shrew (C. douceti)
- Dsinezumi Shrew (C. dsinezumi)
- Eisentraut's Shrew (C. eisentrauti)
- Elgon Shrew (C. elgonius)
- Elongated Shrew (C. elongata)
- Heather Shrew (C. erica)
- Fischer's Shrew (C. fischeri)
- Greater Red Musk Shrew (C. flavescens)
- Flower's Shrew (C. floweri)
- Bornean Shrew (C. foetida)
- Fox's Shrew (C. foxi)
- Southeast Asian Shrew (C. fuliginosa)
- Savanna Shrew (C. fulvastra)
- Smoky White-toothed Shrew (C. fumosa)
- Bicolored Musk Shrew (C. fuscomurina)
- Glass's Shrew (C. glassi)
- Gmelin's White-toothd Shrew (C.
gmelini)
- Goliath Shrew (C. goliath)
- Peters's Musk Shrew (C. gracilipes)
- Large-headed Shrew (C. grandiceps)
- Greater Mindanao Shrew (C. grandis)
- Grasse's Shrew (C. grassei)
- Luzon Shrew (C. grayi)
- Greenwood's Shrew (C. greenwoodi)
- Harenna Shrew (C. harenna)
- Hildegarde's Shrew (C. hildegardeae)
- Hill's Shrew (C. hilliana)
- Lesser Red Musk Shrew (C. hirta)
- Andaman Spiny Shrew (C. hispida)
- Horsfield's Shrew (C. horsfieldii)
- Hutan Shrew (C. hutanis)
- North African White-toothed Shrew (C.
ichnusae)
- Indochinese Shrew (C. indochinensis)
- Jackson's Shrew (C. jacksoni)
- Jenkin's Shrew (C. jenkinsi)
- Jouvenet's Shrew (C. jouvenetae)
- Katinka's Shrew (C. katinka)
- Kivu Shrew (C. kivuana)
- Lamotte's Shrew (C. lamottei)
- Kivu Long-haired Shrew (C. lanosa)
- Ussuri White-toothed Shrew (C. lasiura)
- Latona's Shrew (C. latona)
- Sulawesi Shrew (C. lea)
- Sumatran Giant Shrew (C. lepidura)
- Bicolored Shrew (C. leucodon)
- Sulawesi Tiny Shrew (C. levicula)
- Naked-tail Shrew (C. littoralis)
- Savanna Swamp Shrew (C. longipes)
- Lucina's Shrew (C. lucina)
- Ludia's Shrew (C. ludia)
- Moonshine Shrew(C. luna)
- Mauritanian Shrew (C. lusitania)
- MacArthur's Shrew (C. macarthuri)
- MacMillan's Shrew (C. macmillani)
- Nyiro Shrew (C. macowi)
- Malayan Shrew (C. malayana)
- Manenguba Shrew (C. manengubae)
- Makwassie Musk Shrew (C. maquassiensis)
- Swamp Musk Shrew (C. mariquensis)
- Gracile Naked-tailed Shrew (C.
maurisca)
- Javanese Shrew (C. maxi)
- Mindoro Shrew (C. mindorus)
- Sri Lankan Long-tailed Shrew (C. miya)
- Kilimanjaro Shrew (C. monax)
- Sunda Shrew (C. monticola)
- Montane White-toothed Shrew (C. montis)
- West African Long-tailed Shrew (C.
muricauda)
- Mossy Forest Shrew (C. musseri)
- Ugandan Musk Shrew (C. mutesae)
- Somali Dwarf Shrew (C. nana)
- Savanna Dwarf Shrew (C. nanilla)
- Peninsular Shrew (C. negligens)
- Negros Shrew (C. negrina)
- Nicobar Shrew (C. nicobarica)
- Nigerian Shrew (C. nigeriae)
- Blackish White-toothed Shrew (C.
nigricans)
- Black-footed Shrew (C. nigripes)
- African Black Shrew (C. nigrofusca)
- Nimba Shrew (C. nimbae)
- Niobe's Shrew (C. niobe)
- West African Pygmy Shrew (C. obscurior)
- African Giant Shrew (C. olivieri)
- Oriental Shrew (C. orientalis)
- Ryukyu Shrew (C. orii)
- Palawan Shrew (C. palawanensis)
- Sumatran Long-tailed Shrew (C.
paradoxura)
- Small-footed Shrew (C. parvipes)
- Sahelian Tiny Shrew (C. pasha)
- Pale Gray Shrew (C. pergrisea)
- Guramba Shrew (C. phaeura)
- Cameroonian Shrew (C. picea)
- Pitman's Shrew (C. pitmani)
- Flat-headed Shrew (C. planiceps)
- Fraser's Musk Shrew (C. poensis)
- Polia's Shrew (C. polia)
- Kashmir White-toothed Shrew (C.
pullata)
- Rainey's Shrew (C. raineyi)
- Negev Shrew (C. ramona)
- Chinese White-toothed Shrew (C. rapax)
- Egyptian Pygmy Shrew (C. religiosa)
- Sulawesi White-handed Shrew (C.
rhoditis)
- Roosevelt's Shrew (C. roosevelti)
- Greater White-toothed Shrew (C.
russula)
- Ugandan Lowland Shrew (C. selina)
- Lesser Rock Shrew (C. serezkyensis)
- Asian Lesser White-toothed Shrew (C.
shantungensis)
- Siberian Shrew (C. sibirica)
- Sicilian Shrew (C. sicula)
- Lesser Gray-brown Musk Shrew (C. silacea)
- Desert Musk Shrew (C. smithii)
- Somali Shrew (C. somalica)
- Kahuzi Swamp Shrew (C. stenocephala)
- Lesser White-toothed Shrew (C.
suaveolens)
- Iranian Shrew (C. susiana)
- Tanzanian Shrew (C. tansaniana)
- Tarella Shrew (C. tarella)
- Saharan Shrew (C. tarfayensis)
- Telford's Shrew (C. telfordi)
- Timor Shrew (C. tenuis)
- Thalia's Shrew (C. thalia)
- Therese's Shrew (C. theresae)
- Sao Tomé Shrew (C. thomensis)
- Christmas Island Shrew (C. trichura)
- Turbo Shrew (C. turba)
- Ultimate Shrew (C. ultima)
- Usambara Shrew (C. usambarae)
- Savanna Path Shrew (C. viaria)
- Mamfe Shrew (C. virgata)
- Voi Shrew (C. voi)
- Voracious Shrew (C. vorax)
- Banka Shrew (C. vosmaeri)
- Lesser Ryukyu Shrew (C. watasei)
- Whitaker's Shrew (C. whitakeri)
- Wimmer's Shrew (C. wimmeri)
- Hainan Island Shrew (C. wuchihensis)
- Xanthippe's Shrew (C. xantippe)
- Yankari Shrew (C. yankariensis)
- Zaphir's Shrew (C. zaphiri)
- Zarudny's Rock Shrew (C. zarudnyi)
- Upemba Shrew (C. zimmeri)
- Cretan Shrew (C. zimmermanni)
- Genus Diplomesodon
- Piebald Shrew (D. pulchellum)
- Genus Feroculus
- Kelaart's Long-clawed Shrew (F.
feroculus)
- Genus Paracrocidura (Large-headed
shrews)
- Grauer's Large-headed Shrew (P.
graueri)
- Greater Large-headed Shrew (P. maxima)
- Lesser Large-headed Shrew (P.
schoutedeni)
- Genus Ruwenzorisorex
- Ruwenzori Shrew (R. suncoides)
- Genus Scutisorex
- Armored Shrew (S. somereni)
- Genus Solisorex
- Pearson's Long-clawed Shrew (S.
pearsoni)
- Genus Suncus
- Taita Shrew (S. aequatorius)
- Black Shrew (S. ater)
- Day's Shrew (S. dayi)
- Etruscan Shrew (S. etruscus)
- Sri Lankan Shrew (S. fellowesgordoni)
- Bornean Pygmy Shrew (S. hosei)
- Least Dwarf Shrew (S. infinitesimus)
- Greater Dwarf Shrew (S. lixus)
- Madagascan Pygmy Shrew (S.
madagascariensis)
- Malayan Pygmy Shrew (S. malayanus)
- Climbing Shrew (S. megalura)
- Flores Shrew (S. mertensi)
- Asian Highland Shrew (S. montanus)
- Asian House Shrew (S. murinus)
- Remy's Pygmy Shrew (S. remyi)
- Anderson's Shrew (S. stoliczkanus)
- Lesser Dwarf Shrew (S. varilla)
- Jungle Shrew (S. zeylanicus)
- Genus Sylvisorex (forest shrews)
- Cameroonian Forest Shrew (S. cameruniensis)
- Grant's Forest Shrew (S. granti)
- Howell's Forest Shrew (S. howelli)
- Bioko Forest Shrew (S. isabellae)
- Johnston's Forest Shrew (S. johnstoni)
- Kongana Shrew (S. konganensis)
- Moon Forest Shrew (S. lunaris)
- Mt. Cameroon Forest Shrew (S. morio)
- Greater Forest Shrew (S. ollula)
- Lesser Forest Shrew (S. oriundus)
- Rain Forest Shrew (S. pluvialis)
- Volcano Shrew (S. vulcanorum)
References
1.
^ Hutterer,
Rainer (16 November 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal
Species of the World, 3rd edition,
Johns Hopkins University Press, 224-263. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White-toothed_shrew&action=history
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insectivora&action=history
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html